Introduction of C Programming Language C Character Set Constants, Variables, Keywords Rules for Integer Variables Values Rules for Floating Variables Values Rules for Character Variables Values First C program Comments in C The main() function printf() and scanf() Format Specifiers C Instructions Operators in C Type Conversions Control Instructions Decision Control If statement If-else statement Nested if-else Statement The Switch Statement Logical Operators Conditional Operator

Types of Loops While loop For Loop Do-while Loop Nesting of Loops Multiple Initializations in the for Loop The Break Statement The Continue Statement Difference Between While and Do-While Loop: The Goto Statement Programming Errors in C Language Practice Question on Constants

Functions in C Parameters in C Function Points to Remember Ways to Call a Function Difference Between Call by Value and Call by Reference Storage Classes in C Storage Classes Which Storage Class to Use When Difference Between Compile-Time and Run-Time Errors Letters and their ASCII values in C

Introduction to Pointers Pointer Notation Symbols used in Pointers in C Declaring a Pointer Null Pointers Enumeration (enum) in C

Type Casting in C Recursion in C Integers - Signed and Unsigned

Arrays in C Different Ways to Initialize All Members of an Array to The Same Value: 2-D Arrays in C Passing Array to a Function in C Points to Remember Arrays of Pointers Exercise

Strings in C Examples Standard Library String Functions Passing strings to a function Practice Question

Introduction Of Structures Accessing Structure Elements Features of Structures Uses of Structures Practice Questions

Union in C Declaring Union Input/Output Console Input/Output Functions Formatted Console I/O Functions Unformatted Console Input/Output Functions File Input/Output File Opening Modes Operations on Bits One’s Complement Operator

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When we want a function that will read a single character the instant it is typed without waiting for the Enter key to be hit, getch( ) and getche( ) are two functions which can be used. These functions return the character that has been most recently typed.
The ‘e’ in getche( ) function means it echoes the character that you typed to the screen.

Summary:

There is no keyword available in C for doing input/output.
All I/O in C is done using standard library functions. There are several functions available for performing console input/output.
The formatted console I/O functions can force the user to receive the input in a fixed format and display the output in a fixed format.
There are several format specifiers and escape sequences available to format input and output.
Unformatted console I/O functions work faster since they do not have the overheads of formatting the input or output.

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