Introduction of C Programming Language C Character Set Constants, Variables, Keywords Rules for Integer Variables Values Rules for Floating Variables Values Rules for Character Variables Values First C program Comments in C The main() function printf() and scanf() Format Specifiers C Instructions Operators in C Type Conversions Control Instructions Decision Control If statement If-else statement Nested if-else Statement The Switch Statement Logical Operators Conditional Operator

Types of Loops While loop For Loop Do-while Loop Nesting of Loops Multiple Initializations in the for Loop The Break Statement The Continue Statement Difference Between While and Do-While Loop: The Goto Statement Programming Errors in C Language Practice Question on Constants

Functions in C Parameters in C Function Points to Remember Ways to Call a Function Difference Between Call by Value and Call by Reference Storage Classes in C Storage Classes Which Storage Class to Use When Difference Between Compile-Time and Run-Time Errors Letters and their ASCII values in C

Introduction to Pointers Pointer Notation Symbols used in Pointers in C Declaring a Pointer Null Pointers Enumeration (enum) in C

Type Casting in C Recursion in C Integers - Signed and Unsigned

Arrays in C Different Ways to Initialize All Members of an Array to The Same Value: 2-D Arrays in C Passing Array to a Function in C Points to Remember Arrays of Pointers Exercise

Strings in C Examples Standard Library String Functions Passing strings to a function Practice Question

Introduction Of Structures Accessing Structure Elements Features of Structures Uses of Structures Practice Questions

Union in C Declaring Union Input/Output Console Input/Output Functions Formatted Console I/O Functions Unformatted Console Input/Output Functions File Input/Output File Opening Modes Operations on Bits One’s Complement Operator

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Formatted Console I/O functions allow us to supply the input in a fixed format and let us obtain the output in the specified form.
The format string can contain:

The %d and %f used in the printf( ) are called format specifiers. They tell printf( ) to print the value of average as a decimal integer and the value of percentage as a float.

Optional specifiers in the format specifiers:

Specifier	Description
dd	Digits specifying field width
.	Decimal point separating field width from precision (precision stands for the number of places after the decimal point)
dd	Digits specifying precision
-	minus sign for left justifying the output in the specified field width

Escape Sequence:

\b moves the cursor one position to the left of its current position.
\r takes the cursor to the beginning of the line in which it is currently placed.
\a alerts the user by sounding the speaker inside the computer.

Sprintf( ) Functions:

The sprintf( ) function is similar to the printf( ) function except instead of sending the output to the screen as printf( ) does, this function writes the output to an array of characters.
The printf( ) prints out the values on the screen, whereas sprintf( ) stores the values in the character array.

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