Introduction of C Programming Language C Character Set Constants, Variables, Keywords Rules for Integer Variables Values Rules for Floating Variables Values Rules for Character Variables Values First C program Comments in C The main() function printf() and scanf() Format Specifiers C Instructions Operators in C Type Conversions Control Instructions Decision Control If statement If-else statement Nested if-else Statement The Switch Statement Logical Operators Conditional Operator

Types of Loops While loop For Loop Do-while Loop Nesting of Loops Multiple Initializations in the for Loop The Break Statement The Continue Statement Difference Between While and Do-While Loop: The Goto Statement Programming Errors in C Language Practice Question on Constants

Functions in C Parameters in C Function Points to Remember Ways to Call a Function Difference Between Call by Value and Call by Reference Storage Classes in C Storage Classes Which Storage Class to Use When Difference Between Compile-Time and Run-Time Errors Letters and their ASCII values in C

Introduction to Pointers Pointer Notation Symbols used in Pointers in C Declaring a Pointer Null Pointers Enumeration (enum) in C

Type Casting in C Recursion in C Integers - Signed and Unsigned

Arrays in C Different Ways to Initialize All Members of an Array to The Same Value: 2-D Arrays in C Passing Array to a Function in C Points to Remember Arrays of Pointers Exercise

Strings in C Examples Standard Library String Functions Passing strings to a function Practice Question

Introduction Of Structures Accessing Structure Elements Features of Structures Uses of Structures Practice Questions

Union in C Declaring Union Input/Output Console Input/Output Functions Formatted Console I/O Functions Unformatted Console Input/Output Functions File Input/Output File Opening Modes Operations on Bits One’s Complement Operator

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Format specifier	Description
%d or %i	It is used to print the signed integer value where signed integer means that the variable can hold both positive and negative values
%u	It is used to print the unsigned integer value where unsigned integer means that the variable can hold only positive value
%o	It is used to print the octal unsigned integer where octal integer value always start with a 0 value
%x	It is used to print the hexadecimal unsigned integer where the hexadecimal integer value always starts with a 0x value. In this alphabetical characters are printed in small letters such as a, b, c etc.
%X	It is used to print the hexadecimal unsigned integer, but %X prints the alphabetical characters in uppercase such as A, B, C etc.
%f	It is used for printing the decimal floating point values. by default, it prints the 6 values after ::
%e / %E	It is used for scientific notation. it is also known as Mantissa or Exponent.
%g	It is used to print the decimal floating point values, and it uses the fixed precision i.e. the value after the decimal in input would be exactly the same as the value in the output.
%p	It is used to print the address in a hexadecimal form.
%o	It is used to print theunsigned character
%s	It is used to print the strings.
%Id	It is used to print the long signed integer value

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