Types of faults in power system

Need and Importance of Protective Systems Causes and Effects of Faults & Faults in a System In a Year Types of Faults Fault Statistics Basic Trip Circuit Zones of protection (Protective Zones) Primary and Back-up protection Types of Back-Up Relay Principles Under-laying Back-up Protection Essential Quantities of Protection (Basic fundamental requirements) Classification protective relays Classification of Protective Schemes Basic Relay Terminology Role of Engineers

Introduction of Protection of Medium Voltage Transmission Line Over-Current Relay Time – Current Characteristics Theory of Torque Formation Important terms of connection with relays. Calculation of Relay Operating Time Overcurrent Protective Schemes Induction Relay Induction Type Directional Power Relay or Reverse Power Relay Induction Type Directional Over-current Relay Induction Type Non-Directional Over-current Relay Applications of Over-current Protection Relays Comparison of Directional O/C Relay & Power Relay (self) Drawbacks of Overcurrent Relays Relays Used in Over-current Protection Numerical On Over-current Relay

Introduction of High Voltage Line Protection

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Faults
Symmetrical (3Φ) Fault		Unsymmetrical Fault
3Φ short circuit with the ground	3Φ short circuit without the ground	1Φ (line) to ground short circuit	2Φ (line) to ground short circuit	Phase (line) to phase (line) short circuit	1Φ (line) open circuit	2Φ (line) open circuit	Winding fault
Cause due to failure or breaking of insulation or falling to the ground					Cause due to break in conducting path or joints		Cause due to failure of winding
Effect is short circuit unbalanced current flow damage the equipment					Effect is unbalanced current flow, heats up rotating machines		Effect is short circuit of windings

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