This type of relay initiates corrective measures when current in the circuit exceeds the predetermined value. The actuating source is a current in the supply to the relay from a current transformer. These relays are used on A.C. circuits only and can operate for fault flow in either direction.

Construction:

• Figure 2.18 shows the constructional details of a typical non-directional induction type over-current relay. It consists of a metallic aluminium disc which is free to rotate in between the poles of two electromagnets. The upper electromagnet has a primary and a secondary winding. The primary is connected to the secondary of a C.T. in the line to be protected and is tapped at intervals. The tappings are connected to a plug setting bridge by which the number of active turns on the relay operating coil can be varied, thereby giving the desired current setting. The secondary winding is energised by induction from primary and is connected in series with the winding on the lower magnet. The control torque is provided by a spiral spring.

• The spindle of disc carries a moving contact which bridges two fixed contacts (connected to trip circuit) when the disc rotates through a preset angle. This angle can be adjusted to any value between 0^o to 360^o. by adjusting this angle, the travel of the moving contact can be adjusted and hence the relay can be given any desired time setting.

Operation:

• The driving torque on the aluminium disc is set up due to the induction principle as discussed earlier. This torque is opposed by the restraining torque provided by the spring. Under normal operating conditions, restraining torque is greater than the driving torque produced by the relay coil current. Therefore, the aluminium disc remains stationary. However, if the current in the protected circuit exceeds the preset value, the driving torque becomes greater than the restraining torque. Consequently, the disc rotates and the moving contact bridges the fixed contacts when the disc has rotated through a preset angle. The trip circuit operates the circuit breaker which isolates the faulty section.

Fig. 2.18 Non directional over-current relay