The tasks of the compiler are grouped into the following two categories:

• Analysis part

• Synthesis part

Figure 3: Model of a compiler

Analysis Part:

• This part breaks up the source code to smaller pieces and a grammatical structure is imposed. 

• This structure is used in creating an intermediate representation for the source program

• This part comprises the front end of the compiler

• Includes the phases that depends only on the source language and independent of the target machine

• Lexical analysis, Syntax Analysis and semantic Analysis are considered as the analysis part of the compiler.

Synthesis part:

• This part uses the intermediate representation and information stored in the symbol table  in constructing the target code

• This part is considered as the back end of the compiler.

• Includes the phases that are dependent on the target machine

• Code optimization and Code generation are included in this part of the compiler