Three-Phase System of Soil
A Soil mass is a three-phase system consisting of solid particles (called soil grains) with water and air filling the void spaces between the soil grains. The void spaces are sometimes filled partly with air and water. But in the case of a dry soil mass, the voids are completely filled with air only and in the case of a saturated soil mass, the voids are completely filled with water.
The properties of the soil mass which is a blend of the three constituents together forming a complex material depend on the relative percentages of these constituents, their arrangement and a variety of other factors.
Fig 2.1 Soil as a Three-Phase System
Terms And Symbols (Denoted By): Table-2.1
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V = Total Volume of the Soil Mass |
W = Total Weight of the Soil Mass |
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Vs = Volume of Solids |
Wd = Weight of Solids |
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Vv =Volume of Voids |
Wv = Weight of Voids |
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Va = Volume of Air |
Wa = Weight of Air |
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Vw = Volume of Water |
Ww = Weight of Water |
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Note: a) V=Vs+Vv b) Vv=Va+Vw
Vv=Va as Vw=0
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Note: a) W=Wd+Wv b) Wv=Ww as Wa=0 |
Table-2.2
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M = Total Soil Mass |
W = Total Weight of Soil Mass |
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Mw = Mass of Water |
Ww = Weight of water |
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Md = Mass Soil Solids |
Wd = Weight of Soil Solids |
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(Md)sub = Mass of Submerged Soil Solids |
(Wd)sub= Weight of Submerged Soil Solids |
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ρw = Density of Water ( 1000 kg/m3 ) |
γw = Unit Weight of Water ( 9.81 kN/m3 ) |
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Inter-conversion between ρ and γ : ⏎ 1 γ (kN/m3) = 9.81 ρ (g/cm3) |
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γd,max = Maximum dry density from compaction test |
g = 9.81 m/s2 |
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emax = Voids ratio, in the loosest state. |
1N = 0.10197 kg |
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emin = Voids ratio, in the densest state. |
1 kg = 9.81 N |
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e = Natural voice ratio of the deposit. |
1m = 100cm = 1000mm |
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