Though a dam is constructed to build a reservoir, a reservoir has a large area of spread and contained in a big chunk of the river valley upstream of the dam. Hence, while identifying a suitable site for a proposed dam, it is of paramount importance that the proposed reservoir site is also thoroughly investigated and explored. The basis of planning for such explorations is to have a rapid economical and dependable pre-investment evaluation of subsurface conditions. It is also necessary that a degree of uniformity be followed while carrying out subsurface explorations so that the frame of reference of the investigation covers all requisite aspects.
In view of above, the Bureau of Indian Standards has brought out a code IS: 13216 - 1991 “Code of practice for geological exploration for reservoir sites”, that discusses the relevant aspects. According to the code since reservoir projects in river valleys are meant to hold water; therefore, The following aspects of the reservoirs have to be properly investigated
Water tightness of the basins
Stability of the reservoir rim
Availability of construction material in the reservoir area (d) Silting
Direct and indirect submergence of economic mineral wealth (f) Seismo-techtonics
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