Introduction to Transportation Engineering RAIL TRANSPORTATION Development of Road METCALF ROADS Development of Roads in India

Geometric Design Part-1 QUESTIONS HIGHWAY PLANNING Maximum Saturation System Utility Factor System Engineering Survey for Highway Assignment Designed Speed TYPES OF TERRAIN Highway Alignment Factors Affecting Highway Capacity ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Friction Depends on Following Factors Unevenness Light Reflecting Characteristic Cross Slope Are of Following Types Geometric Design of Road Roadway/width of Formation

Geometric Design II Factors Influencing the Geometric Design of Hills Roads Design of Hill Road Roadway Classification with Respect to Width Sight Distance Are of Following Types DESIGN IN HILL ROADS Geometric Design Standards Illustrations of Hair-pin Bends Gradient of the Road Design Speed Gradient of Road Geometric Design III National Highways

Transportation Engineering Part I Horizontal Curve Load Distribution Three Wheeled Vehicle Sight Distance at Intersection Superelevation Superelevation Formula Design procedure of Superelevation Banking of road Attainment of Superelevation in the Field

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Development of Road

Road development took place in the following systematic order

ROMAN ROADS
1. Earliest of the road development for military purposes.
2. These were built straight regardless of gradients.
3. The soft soil was excavated and removed upto extend hard strata.
4. The total thickness of the const was in the range of 0.75m-1.25m.
TRESAGUET ROADS
1. Main feature of this road is the deduction of overall thickness of the road.Subgrade was prepared and large layer of foundation stone are laid forming of kerb
2. The space between the kerb is then filled with smaller stones.
3. Cross slope of 1 is 45 over the surface is also provided.