Density Current aspects and Location of outlets 

Density current is defined as the gravitational flow of one fluid under another having slightly different density. The water stored in reservoir is generally free from silt but the inflow during floods is generally muddy. There are, thus two layers having different densities resulting in the formation of density currents. The density currents separate the water from the clearer water and make the turbid water flow along the river bottom. The reservoir silting rate can be reduced by venting the density currents by properly locating and operating the outlets and sluice ways. 

Data Required for Economic Analysis 

Economic Analysis is carried out to indicate the economic desirability of the project. Benefit cost ratio, Net benefit, Internal Rate of Return are the parameters in this direction. It is desirable to have the benefit cost ratio in the case of irrigation projects and flood mitigation projects to be above 1.5 and 1.1 respectively. Benefit functions for reservoir and water utilisation for irrigation, power, water supply etc., are also to be determined judiciously. Cost benefit functions are obtained as continuous functions using variable cost/benefit against reservoir storage/net utilisation of water and from benefit functions the benefit from unit utilisation of water can be determined. The spillway capacity has to be adequate to pass the inflow design flood using moderation possible with surcharge storage or any other unobstructed capacity in the reservoir without endangering the structural safety as provided elsewhere in the standard. In the event of the inflow design flood passing the reservoir, the design needs to ensure that dam break situation does not develop or induce incremental damage downstream.